Bitcoin Casino Australia: How Crypto Gambling Really Works in 2026

Bitcoin casinos have been part of the Australian online gambling conversation for over a decade now, and the market has changed shape at least four times in that window. What started as a handful of obscure offshore operators accepting BTC in 2013 has become a crowded field of 200-plus brands, most of them licensed outside Australia, most of them offering hundreds or thousands of games, and nearly all of them banking on the same reality: Australians like fast payouts and dislike waiting three days for a bank transfer to clear.

The catch is that nothing about this market is simple. The Interactive Gambling Act 2001 (IGA) still governs what Australian-licensed operators can offer, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) still blocks offshore sites it deems illegal, and the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) still treats crypto as an asset rather than currency. Meanwhile, the number of Australians holding some form of crypto has climbed past 4 million according to several industry surveys, and that pool keeps feeding players into offshore Bitcoin casinos that sit outside the local licensing framework entirely.

This guide walks through how the market got here, what the rules actually say, which operators dominate in 2026, how deposits and withdrawals work in practice, and what you give up when you trade a regulated local bookmaker for an offshore crypto casino. No hype, no promises of easy money. Just the mechanics.

The Regulatory Backdrop: Why Bitcoin Casinos Sit Offshore

Australia has one of the more restrictive online gambling regimes in the developed world, and that restriction is precisely why the Bitcoin casino market exists in the shape it does. Understanding the IGA, the ACMA blocking powers, and the ATO's crypto stance is the difference between playing with your eyes open and stumbling into a mess you did not plan for.

What does the Interactive Gambling Act 2001 actually prohibit?

The IGA bans online casino games, online poker, and online slot machines from being offered to Australian customers by operators licensed in Australia. It does not ban sports betting, and it does not ban Australians from playing at offshore sites on their own initiative. That gap is the entire reason offshore Bitcoin casinos can accept Australian players without technically breaking Australian law at the player level.

The Act was amended in 2017 to close a loophole around "click-to-call" and in-play betting services, and further tightened through the Interactive Gambling Amendment (Prohibition of Credit and Crypto) measures that took effect in stages from 2023 onward. Under those changes, Australian-licensed operators cannot accept cryptocurrency as a deposit method for wagering. Offshore operators, licensed in Curaçao, Anjouan, or Panama, are not bound by that restriction because they sit outside the Australian licensing perimeter.

So the practical picture in 2026 is this: a locally licensed sportsbook cannot take your Bitcoin. A Curaçao-licensed casino can, and does, dozens of them, and the ACMA has blocked more than 1,000 offshore gambling domains since it began maintaining its blocking list in 2019. That number keeps climbing by roughly 100 to 200 domains a year.

How does the ACMA block offshore casino sites?

The ACMA maintains a public register of illegal offshore gambling websites and works with Australian internet service providers to DNS-block them. As of early 2026, the register lists well over 1,100 domains, and the authority has stated publicly that it investigates complaints from players, financial institutions, and competitor operators.

Blocking is imperfect. Players routinely access blocked sites through VPNs, mirror domains, and mobile apps that route traffic outside the ISP-level DNS system. That cat-and-mouse dynamic has been running for seven years and shows no sign of resolving. The ACMA's own messaging acknowledges that blocking is a deterrent, not a wall.

What this means for you as a player is straightforward: if a site is on the ACMA register, accessing it is not illegal for you personally, but you have zero Australian consumer protections if the operator stiffs you. No local regulator will intervene. No Australian court will hear your complaint in any practical sense. That is the trade.

How does the ATO treat crypto gambling winnings?

The ATO treats cryptocurrency as a capital gains tax (CGT) asset, not as foreign currency. When you deposit Bitcoin into a casino and later withdraw, the ATO's position is that you have disposed of an asset. If the Bitcoin appreciated between acquisition and disposal, the gain is potentially taxable. If it dropped, you may have a capital loss.

Whether gambling winnings themselves are taxable in Australia depends on whether you are classified as a professional gambler. For recreational players, gambling winnings are generally not taxed as income. But crypto transactions tied to gambling are a separate matter, and the ATO has flagged crypto in its data-matching programs since 2019, cross-referencing exchange records with declared income.

The practical advice most accountants give: keep records of every crypto acquisition date, cost base, and disposal, including casino deposits and withdrawals. The administrative burden is real, and it is one of the least discussed downsides of the Bitcoin casino route.

The Market Timeline: From 2013 Curiosity to 2026 Mainstream

Bitcoin casinos did not appear overnight. The market moved through four distinct phases, each triggered by a specific event, and the operators that dominate in 2026 are largely the ones that survived the pivots. Understanding the timeline explains why certain brands have staying power and others vanish after 18 months.

What happened between 2013 and 2017?

The first wave of Bitcoin casinos launched between 2012 and 2014, mostly small operations running on Curaçao licenses and accepting only BTC. SatoshiDice, launched in 2012, was one of the earliest provably fair gambling sites and processed over 33 million bets before being sold in 2013. By 2014, a handful of casinos including BitStarz (founded 2014) and later 7Bit Casino (2014) had established the template: crypto-only deposits, instant withdrawals, no KYC for small amounts.

Australian players found these sites through Bitcoin forums and Reddit threads. The player base was small, technically literate, and tolerant of clunky interfaces. Transaction fees were low, confirmation times were measured in minutes, and the whole thing felt like an experiment. It was.

By 2017, the crypto bull run pushed Bitcoin from around USD 1,000 in January to nearly USD 20,000 in December. That price action alone pulled a new wave of players into crypto, and a meaningful slice of them tried gambling with it. The number of Bitcoin-accepting casinos roughly tripled between 2016 and 2018.

What changed after the 2017 IGA amendments?

The 2017 amendments to the IGA tightened rules around in-play sports betting and prohibited certain credit-related gambling services. They did not directly target crypto casinos, but the regulatory mood shifted. The ACMA began formal site blocking in 2019, and Australian-licensed operators became more cautious about anything resembling crypto wagering.

The unintended consequence was a clearer separation: local operators retreated from crypto, offshore operators doubled down. Between 2019 and 2021, brands like Rocket Casino, National Casino, and Winspirit Casino built their Australian-facing funnels specifically around crypto deposits and PayID, positioning themselves as the alternative to a local market that had effectively closed the door on casino games.

By 2021, the offshore crypto casino market serving Australia had grown to an estimated 150 to 200 active brands, most licensed in Curaçao, a handful in Anjouan, and a growing minority in Panama. The template was set.

How did the 2023-2024 credit and crypto restrictions reshape things?

The Interactive Gambling Amendment (Prohibition of Credit and Crypto) measures, which took effect for credit in 2023 and for crypto in stages through 2024, banned Australian-licensed operators from accepting credit cards and cryptocurrency for online wagering. The intent was consumer protection. The effect was to push crypto-curious players further offshore.

Offshore operators absorbed the demand without changing much. If anything, the restriction gave them a marketing angle: "We still take Bitcoin." Brands like National Casino, RocketPlay Casino, and Woo Casino leaned harder into crypto bonuses, and the average first-deposit crypto bonus across the segment climbed from around 1 BTC equivalent in 2020 to 2 to 5 BTC equivalent by 2025, though the actual value depends entirely on the BTC price at the time.

Meanwhile, PayID and bank transfer options expanded across the same operators, because not every Australian player wants to deal with crypto volatility just to spin a slot. The result in 2026 is a hybrid market: crypto-first operators that also accept PayID, and PayID-first operators that also accept crypto.

Where does the market stand in 2026?

Roughly 200 to 250 offshore casinos actively accept Australian players and Bitcoin deposits. Curaçao remains the dominant licensing jurisdiction, though Anjouan licensing has grown sharply since 2023 because it is cheaper and faster to obtain. A small number of operators hold Maltese or Kahnawake licenses, but those are rare in the Australian-facing segment.

The ACMA blocking register passed 1,100 domains in early 2026. Crypto ownership among Australians sits somewhere between 4 and 5 million people depending on which survey you trust, with the highest concentration in the 25-40 age bracket. Bitcoin remains the most accepted crypto across the operator base, followed by Ethereum, Litecoin, USDT, and a long tail of altcoins.

The competitive landscape has consolidated somewhat. The top 20 operators by Australian traffic capture an estimated 60 to 70 percent of the segment, and the long tail of small brands churns constantly. If you are picking an operator in 2026, the brand's ability to survive five years matters more than its current bonus offer.

Top Bitcoin Casinos for Australian Players in 2026

The list below reflects operators with a sustained Australian presence, real crypto infrastructure, and enough licensing transparency to be worth considering. None of them hold an Australian license, because no Australian license exists for online casino games. Every operator here is offshore, and you should treat them accordingly.

Which operators lead the Australian crypto market?

The following table compares ten of the most established names on metrics that actually matter: licensing, crypto support, withdrawal speed, and game library size. Bonus figures are indicative and change frequently, so treat them as a starting point rather than a fixed number.

OperatorLicenceCrypto AcceptedWithdrawal TimeGame Count
Rocket CasinoCuraçaoBTC, ETH, LTC, USDTUnder 1 hour4,000+
National CasinoCuraçaoBTC, ETH, LTC, BCH, USDT15-60 minutes5,000+
RocketPlay CasinoCuraçaoBTC, ETH, LTC, USDTUnder 2 hours3,500+
Winspirit CasinoCuraçaoBTC, ETH, USDT, BNB15-60 minutes3,000+
BitStarzCuraçaoBTC, ETH, LTC, DOGE, USDTUnder 10 minutes4,500+
7Bit CasinoCuraçaoBTC, ETH, LTC, BCH, DOGEUnder 30 minutes7,000+
Woo CasinoCuraçaoBTC, ETH, LTC, USDTUnder 1 hour3,000+
King Billy CasinoCuraçaoBTC, ETH, LTC, BCH15-60 minutes3,000+
PlayAmo CasinoCuraçaoBTC, ETH, LTC, USDTUnder 2 hours5,000+
Wild Tornado CasinoCuraçaoBTC, ETH, LTC, DOGEUnder 1 hour2,500+

Rocket Casino and National Casino both run crypto-first banking with minimal friction, and National Casino's broader coin selection gives it a slight edge for players holding anything beyond BTC and ETH. RocketPlay Casino and Winspirit Casino sit in the same tier, with Winspirit's BNB support useful for anyone active on Binance Smart Chain.

BitStarz remains the benchmark for withdrawal speed, with most crypto cashouts processed in under 10 minutes once the internal review clears. 7Bit Casino wins on raw game count, with over 7,000 titles from providers including Pragmatic Play, NetEnt, Microgaming, Evolution, and Hacksaw Gaming. Woo Casino and King Billy Casino are solid mid-tier picks with reliable payout records. PlayAmo Casino and Wild Tornado Casino round out the list, both with established Australian player bases going back to 2016.

Which operators offer the strongest crypto bonuses?

Welcome bonuses at Bitcoin casinos typically come in two flavours: a percentage match on your first deposit, and free spins on selected slots. The best offers in 2026 combine both, and the ones worth taking have wagering requirements of 40x or lower. Anything above 50x is a trap dressed as generosity.

OperatorWelcome BonusWageringMin DepositFree Spins
National Casino100% up to 1 BTC + 100 spins40x0.0001 BTC100
Rocket Casino125% up to 5 ETH + 250 spins40x0.0002 BTC250
BitStarz100% up to 5 BTC + 180 spins40x0.0005 BTC180
7Bit Casino100% up to 5 BTC + 100 spins40x0.0002 BTC100
Winspirit Casino100% up to 5 BTC + 100 spins40x0.0001 BTC100
King Billy Casino100% up to 5 BTC + 200 spins30x0.0005 BTC200
PlayAmo Casino100% up to 1 BTC + 100 spins40x0.0005 BTC100
Woo Casino100% up to 5 BTC + 200 spins40x0.0002 BTC200

King Billy Casino's 30x wagering is the standout, roughly 25 percent lower than the segment standard, which translates into a materially better expected value on the same headline bonus. Rocket Casino's match on ETH rather than BTC is unusual and worth noting if you hold Ethereum. The rest cluster around the 40x mark, which is the industry norm and not a red flag on its own.

Read the fine print on which games contribute to wagering. Slots usually contribute 100 percent, live dealer games often 10 percent or less, and table games like blackjack frequently excluded entirely. That single clause changes the real cost of a bonus more than the headline percentage does.

Which software providers matter most?

Game library quality comes down to which studios the operator has contracts with. Pragmatic Play, NetEnt, Microgaming, Play'n GO, Evolution, and Hacksaw Gaming are the names that matter most in 2026, and an operator missing two or more of them is usually cutting costs somewhere.

Pragmatic Play dominates the slot segment with titles like Gates of Olympus and Sweet Bonanza, and its live dealer arm competes directly with Evolution. Evolution remains the gold standard for live roulette, blackjack, and game shows like Crazy Time. Hacksaw Gaming has carved out the high-volatility niche with titles that appeal to players chasing large multipliers.

NetEnt and Microgaming are the legacy names, still relevant but no longer the automatic top picks they were in 2015. Smaller studios like Nolimit City, Push Gaming, and Relax Gaming fill out the modern library with distinctive mechanics. An operator with 3,000 games from 40 studios is usually better than one with 6,000 games from 10 studios, because variety beats raw count.

What about PayID and fiat alternatives?

Not every Australian player wants to convert dollars to crypto just to play. PayID has become the dominant fiat alternative at offshore casinos, because it clears in seconds, works with every major Australian bank, and leaves a cleaner paper trail than crypto for players who prefer that.

Operators including Rocket Casino, National Casino, Winspirit Casino, and Woo Casino all support PayID alongside crypto. The trade-off is that PayID deposits are typically processed through third-party payment intermediaries, and withdrawals via PayID often take longer than crypto cashouts, sometimes 24 to 48 hours. Crypto remains the faster route out.

Bank transfer and credit card options exist at some operators, but the 2023-2024 credit restrictions mean most have dropped cards entirely. Neosurf, Flexepin, and POLi (where still supported) fill the remaining gaps.

How Bitcoin Deposits and Withdrawals Work in Practice

The mechanics of moving money in and out of a Bitcoin casino are simpler than most people assume, but the details matter. Confirmation times, network fees, and operator-specific review processes all affect how quickly your money moves. Get these wrong and a 10-minute withdrawal becomes a 3-day headache.

How do you deposit Bitcoin at an Australian-facing casino?

The process is identical across most operators. You create an account, navigate to the cashier, select Bitcoin, and the site generates a wallet address or QR code. You send BTC from your exchange account or personal wallet, and the casino credits your balance after 1 to 3 network confirmations, typically 10 to 30 minutes.

Minimum deposits range from 0.0001 BTC to 0.001 BTC depending on the operator, which at a BTC price of AUD 150,000 works out to roughly AUD 15 to AUD 150. Most operators also apply a maximum per-transaction limit, usually between 1 and 10 BTC, though this rarely binds recreational players.

Network fees are paid by you, not the casino, and they vary with blockchain congestion. In 2026, typical Bitcoin network fees sit between AUD 1 and AUD 5 for a standard transaction, though they can spike to AUD 20 or more during heavy congestion. Some operators cover fees for deposits above a certain threshold, but this is the exception rather than the rule.

How fast are crypto withdrawals really?

Withdrawal speed depends on three things: the operator's internal review process, the blockchain confirmation time, and how much the operator cares about keeping you happy. The best operators process crypto withdrawals in under 10 minutes. The worst take 24 to 72 hours, sometimes longer if you trigger a KYC review.

BitStarz and 7Bit Casino consistently process crypto withdrawals in under 30 minutes, often under 10. Rocket Casino, National Casino, and Winspirit Casino sit in the 15-to-60-minute range. The laggards in the segment take hours, and a few take days. If withdrawal speed matters to you, this is the single most important metric to check before depositing.

KYC is the wild card. Most operators allow small withdrawals without identity verification, but anything above a threshold, usually the equivalent of AUD 2,000 to AUD 5,000, triggers a verification request. Once verified, subsequent withdrawals are faster. Fail verification and your funds are frozen until you resolve it.

What are the tax implications for Australian players?

The ATO's position on crypto is that it is a CGT asset. Every disposal, including spending BTC at a casino, is potentially a taxable event if the asset has appreciated since acquisition. The gain is calculated as the difference between your cost base and the market value at disposal.

Gambling winnings themselves are generally not taxed for recreational players, but the crypto transactions wrapped around them are a separate question. If you deposit BTC worth AUD 5,000 that you bought for AUD 3,000, you have a AUD 2,000 capital gain on the disposal, regardless of whether you win or lose at the casino.

Record-keeping is essential. The ATO has run crypto data-matching programs since 2019, cross-referencing exchange records with tax returns. Getting this wrong is not a matter of if the ATO notices, but when.

What about volatility risk during play?

Bitcoin's price can move 5 to 10 percent in a single day, and 20 percent moves are not unheard of. If you deposit BTC and play over several hours, the AUD value of your balance can shift meaningfully even if your crypto balance stays flat. That is a risk you do not face with fiat deposits.

Stablecoins like USDT and USDC eliminate this risk and are accepted at most major operators. If you want the speed and privacy of crypto without the price swings, stablecoins are the pragmatic choice. The trade-off is that stablecoin deposits sometimes carry slightly higher minimums and are not accepted at every operator.

Some players treat volatility as part of the game, timing deposits and withdrawals around price movements. That is a legitimate strategy, but it adds a layer of complexity that most recreational players do not need. If you are playing for entertainment, stablecoins keep the focus on the games.

Licensing, Safety, and What You Give Up Offshore

Every Bitcoin casino serving Australian players is licensed outside Australia. That is not a moral judgement, it is a legal fact, and it carries specific consequences. Understanding what those consequences are is the difference between informed play and unpleasant surprises.

Which licences actually mean anything?

Curaçao licensing has been the industry standard for offshore casinos since the early 2000s, but the Curaçao Gaming Control Board underwent a significant regulatory overhaul in 2024, introducing the LOK (Landsverordening op de Kansspelen) framework with stricter operator requirements. Licences issued under the new framework carry more weight than the legacy master licences they replaced.

Anjouan licensing, issued by the autonomous island's gambling authority, has grown rapidly since 2023 because it is cheaper and faster to obtain than Curaçao. The oversight is lighter, which cuts both ways: faster operator launches, weaker player protections. A handful of operators hold Maltese (MGA) or Kahnawake licences, but these are rare in the Australian-facing segment.

What none of these licences give you is Australian legal recourse. If an operator refuses to pay, your options are limited to complaining to the licensing authority, which may or may not respond, and posting publicly about it. That is the actual protection level.

What player protections exist offshore?

Reputable offshore operators offer internal dispute resolution, published terms and conditions, and provably fair game verification. Provably fair systems let you verify that each game outcome was determined before you placed your bet, using cryptographic hashes. Most major crypto casinos support this, and it is one of the genuine advantages of the crypto-native model.

What you do not get is a government-backed dispute resolution scheme, statutory deposit limits, or mandatory cooling-off periods. Australian-licensed operators are required to offer these under state and territory regulations. Offshore operators are not, though many offer voluntary versions.

Responsible gambling tools exist at most major operators, including deposit limits, session timers, loss limits, and self-exclusion. Whether they are enforced to the same standard as Australian-licensed equivalents is another matter. Check before you deposit, not after.

How do you spot a risky operator?

Several red flags are consistent across operators that end up on complaint forums. Unclear or missing licensing information on the site is the biggest one. If you cannot find a licence number and jurisdiction within 30 seconds of landing on the homepage, that is a problem.

Other signs: withdrawal limits that are not disclosed until after you win, KYC requirements that appear only at withdrawal time despite "no KYC" marketing, bonus terms with wagering above 50x, and complaints on independent forums that go unanswered for weeks. None of these alone is disqualifying, but two or more together should send you elsewhere.

Operator longevity matters too. A brand that has been running for five or more years has survived multiple regulatory shifts, payment processor changes, and market cycles. That track record is worth more than any welcome bonus.

What is the traffic-rules analogy for offshore licensing?

Think of it like driving in a country where you hold a foreign licence. You can legally drive, but if you have an accident, the local traffic authority is not going to help you resolve it. You are on your own, dealing with the other party's insurer, and your home country's motoring authority has no jurisdiction.

Offshore casino licensing works the same way. You can play, the operator can accept you, but if something goes wrong, the only authority that matters is the one that issued the operator's licence. That authority is in Curaçao, Anjouan, or Panama, not Canberra. The distance is not just geographic, it is jurisdictional.

This does not mean offshore operators are inherently unsafe. Many are well-run businesses with years of clean payout records. It means the burden of due diligence sits with you, not with a regulator. Do the homework before you deposit, not after.

Responsible Gambling and Support Resources

Online gambling carries real risk, and the offshore nature of Bitcoin casinos removes some of the safeguards that Australian-licensed operators are required to provide. If you are going to play, play with limits you set yourself, and know where to get help if it stops being fun.

The legal gambling age in Australia is 18. If you are under 18, you cannot legally gamble at any Australian-licensed venue or online operator, and offshore operators that accept underage players are violating their own licensing terms.

If gambling is affecting your life, help is available. Gambling Help Online operates a 24/7 national helpline on 1800 858 858, and the website gamblinghelponline.org.au offers free counselling, chat support, and self-help tools. The national self-exclusion register, BetStop, launched in August 2023 and allows you to exclude yourself from all Australian-licensed gambling services for a minimum of 3 months, extendable to permanent. BetStop does not cover offshore operators, so if you need to block access to specific sites, use your ISP's parental controls or a dedicated blocking tool.

Practical steps that work: set a deposit limit before your first session, not after a losing run. Use session timers. Never chase losses. Never gamble with money you need for rent, bills, or food. If you find yourself hiding your play from family or friends, that is a signal worth taking seriously. Gambling Help Online counsellors are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, on 1800 858 858, and the service is free and confidential.

Frequently asked questions

Is Bitcoin casino legal in Australia?

Online casino games are illegal to offer to Australian customers by Australian-licensed operators under the Interactive Gambling Act 2001. Offshore Bitcoin casinos operate outside that framework and are not licensed in Australia. Playing at them is not a criminal offence for the individual, but you have no Australian consumer protections if a dispute arises.

Can I use PayID at a Bitcoin casino?

Yes, many offshore operators serving Australia support PayID alongside crypto. PayID deposits usually clear in seconds, but withdrawals via PayID often take 24 to 48 hours, longer than crypto cashouts. Operators including Rocket Casino, National Casino, and Winspirit Casino support both methods.

How long do Bitcoin withdrawals take?

The fastest operators process crypto withdrawals in under 10 minutes, and the segment average sits around 15 to 60 minutes. Slower operators take 24 to 72 hours, often due to internal review processes or KYC requests. BitStarz and 7Bit Casino are consistently among the fastest in the Australian-facing segment.

Do I have to pay tax on Bitcoin casino winnings in Australia?

Recreational gambling winnings are generally not taxed as income in Australia. However, the ATO treats crypto as a CGT asset, so every deposit and withdrawal is a potential taxable disposal if the asset has moved in value since you acquired it. Keep records of cost base and disposal values for every transaction.

What is the minimum deposit at a Bitcoin casino?

Minimums range from 0.0001 BTC to 0.001 BTC depending on the operator, which at a BTC price of around AUD 150,000 works out to roughly AUD 15 to AUD 150. Stablecoin minimums are often lower, sometimes as little as AUD 10 equivalent, because the transaction value is more predictable.

Are Bitcoin casino games provably fair?

Most major crypto casinos offer provably fair verification for slots and instant-win games, using cryptographic hashes to prove that outcomes were determined before you placed your bet. Live dealer games from Evolution and Pragmatic Play are not provably fair in the same sense, because they use physical equipment and real dealers.

Can the ACMA block me from accessing a Bitcoin casino?

The ACMA maintains a blocking register of over 1,100 offshore gambling domains and works with ISPs to DNS-block them. Players routinely bypass blocks using VPNs, mirror domains, or mobile apps. Blocking is a deterrent, not a wall, but if a site is on the register, you have no Australian recourse if something goes wrong.

What happens if a Bitcoin casino refuses to pay me?

Your options are limited. You can complain to the licensing authority that issued the operator's licence, usually in Curaçao or Anjouan, and you can post publicly on complaint forums. Neither guarantees recovery. This is the core risk of playing offshore, and it is why operator track record matters more than any bonus offer.

The Australian Bitcoin casino market in 2026 is a mature, crowded, and largely offshore affair, shaped by a decade of regulatory tightening at home and steady innovation abroad. The operators that have survived this long did so by paying players reliably, keeping withdrawal times short, and adapting to each new restriction without disappearing.

If you are going to play, pick one of those, understand that your protections are limited to what the operator voluntarily provides, and treat the whole thing as entertainment spending rather than an investment strategy. The house edge does not care how clever your deposit method is, and no bonus structure changes that arithmetic.

Play with limits you set in advance, keep records for the ATO, and use the support resources above if the line between fun and problem starts to blur.